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IAPP Certified Information Privacy Professional/Europe (CIPP/E) CIPP-E Prüfungsfragen mit Lösungen (Q223-Q228):

223. Frage
Which failing of Privacy Shield, cited by the CJEU as a reason for its invalidation, is the Trans-Atlantic Data Privacy Framework intended to address?

A. Necessity.
B. Consent.
C. Data Subject Rights.
D. Right of Action.

Antwort: A

Begründung:
One of the main reasons why the CJEU invalidated the Privacy Shield was that it found that the US surveillance programs were not limited to what is strictly necessary and proportionate, as required by the EU law. The CJEU also criticized the lack of effective judicial remedies for EU data subjects whose data was accessed by US authorities. The Trans-Atlantic Data Privacy Framework is intended to address these issues by introducing new safeguards to ensure that signals intelligence activities are necessary and proportionate in the pursuit of defined national security objectives, and by creating a new mechanism for EU individuals to seek redress if they believe they are unlawfully targeted by signals intelligence activities. The Framework also enhances the oversight and transparency of US surveillance practices.

224. Frage
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next question:
Louis, a long-time customer of Bedrock Insurance, was involved in a minor car accident a few months ago.
Although no one was hurt, Louis has been plagued by texts and calls from a company called Accidentable offering to help him recover compensation for personal injury. Louis has heard about insurance companies selling customers' data to third parties, and he's convinced that Accidentable must have gotten his information from Bedrock Insurance.
Louis has also been receiving an increased amount of marketing information from Bedrock, trying to sell him their full range of their insurance policies.
Perturbed by this, Louis has started looking at price comparison sites on the internet and has been shocked to find that other insurers offer much cheaper rates than Bedrock, even though he has been a loyal customer for many years. When his Bedrock policy comes up for renewal, he decides to switch to Zantrum Insurance.
In order to activate his new insurance policy, Louis needs to supply Zantrum with information about his No Claims bonus, his vehicle and his driving history. After researching his rights under the GDPR, he writes to ask Bedrock to transfer his information directly to Zantrum. He also takes this opportunity to ask Bedrock to stop using his personal data for marketing purposes.
Bedrock supplies Louis with a PDF and XML (Extensible Markup Language) versions of his No Claims Certificate, but tells Louis it cannot transfer his data directly to Zantrum as this is not technically feasible.
Bedrock also explains that Louis's contract included a provision whereby Louis agreed that his data could be used for marketing purposes; according to Bedrock, it is too late for Louis to change his mind about this. It angers Louis when he recalls the wording of the contract, which was filled with legal jargon and very confusing.
In the meantime, Louis is still receiving unwanted calls from Accidentable Insurance. He writes to Accidentable to ask for the name of the organization that supplied his details to them. He warns Accidentable that he plans to complain to the data protection authority, because he thinks their company has been using his data unlawfully. His letter states that he does not want his data being used by them in any way.
Accidentable's response letter confirms Louis's suspicions. Accidentable is Bedrock Insurance's wholly owned subsidiary, and they received information about Louis's accident from Bedrock shortly after Louis submitted his accident claim. Accidentable assures Louis that there has been no breach of the GDPR, as Louis' s contract included, a provision in which he agreed to share his information with Bedrock's affiliates for business purposes.
Louis is disgusted by the way in which he has been treated by Bedrock, and writes to them insisting that all his information be erased from their computer system.
After Louis has exercised his right to restrict the use of his data, under what conditions would Accidentable have grounds for refusing to comply?

A. If Accidentable is entitled to use of the data as an affiliate of Bedrock.
B. If Accidentable also uses the data to conduct public health research.
C. If the data becomes necessary to defend Accidentable's legal rights.
D. If the accuracy of the data is not an aspect that Louis is disputing.

Antwort: A

225. Frage
Which judicial body makes decisions on actions taken by individuals wishing to enforce their rights under EU law?

A. Court of Auditors
B. European Court of Human Rights
C. Court of Justice of European Union
D. European Data Protection Board

Antwort: C

Begründung:
The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) is the judicial body of the EU that makes decisions on issues of EU law and enforces European decisions either in respect to actions taken by the European Commission against a member state or actions taken by individuals to enforce their rights under EU law. The CJEU consists of two courts: the Court of Justice and the General Court. The CJEU ensures the uniform interpretation and application of EU law across the EU and settles disputes between EU institutions, member states, and individuals.
The other options are not correct, as they are not the judicial bodies that make decisions on actions taken by individuals wishing to enforce their rights under EU law. The Court of Auditors is the EU's independent external auditor that checks the legality and regularity of the EU's revenue and expenditure, and the soundness of its financial management. The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) is an international court that oversees the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950. The ECHR is not linked to the EU institutions, and it covers human rights laws across Europe, including in many non-EU countries. The European Data Protection Board (EDPB) is an independent body that ensures the consistent application of the GDPR and issues opinions on various aspects of data protection, but it does not have judicial authority.
Reference:
Court of Justice of the European Union
Court of Justice of the European Union - International Association of Privacy Professionals Judicial enforcement of EU law | European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions Competences of the Court of Justice of the European Union

226. Frage
Article 5(1)(b) of the GDPR states that personal data must be "collected for specified, explicit and legitimate purposes and not further processed in a way incompatible with those purposes." Based on Article 5(1)(b), what is the impact of a member state's interpretation of the word "incompatible"?

A. It dictates the level of security a processor must follow when using and storing personal data for two different purposes.
B. It sets the standard for the level of detail a controller must record when documenting the purpose for collecting personal data.
C. It indicates the degree of flexibility a controller has in using personal data in ways that may vary from its original intended purpose.
D. It guides the courts on the severity of the consequences for those who are convicted of the intentional misuse of personal data.

Antwort: C

Begründung:
The purpose limitation principle requires that personal data be collected for specified, explicit and legitimate purposes and not be further processed in a manner that is incompatible with those purposes. However, the GDPR does not provide a clear definition of what constitutes an incompatible purpose. Instead, it leaves room for interpretation by the member states, taking into account the context and circumstances of the processing.
This means that the degree of flexibility a controller has in using personal data for a new purpose may vary depending on the member state's law and guidance. Some factors that may affect the compatibility assessment include the link between the original and the new purpose, the expectations of the data subject, the nature of the data, the impact of the further processing, and the safeguards applied by the controller. References:
* GDPR Article 5(1)(b), which states the purpose limitation principle.
* GDPR Article 6(4), which lists the criteria for assessing the compatibility of a new purpose.
* ICO guidance, which explains the purpose limitation principle and provides examples of compatible and incompatible purposes.
* [EDPB guidelines], which provide further guidance on the application of the purpose limitation principle.

227. Frage
A U.S. company's website sells widgets. Which of the following factors would NOT in itself subject the company to the GDPR?

A. The widgets are offered in EU and priced in euro.
B. The website places cookies to monitor the EU website user behavior.
C. The website is in English and French, and is accessible in France.
D. An affiliate office is located in France but the processing is in the U.S.

Antwort: C

228. Frage
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